Book Review: “The Upside of Irrationality” by Dan Ariely

This is the latest book by Dr. Dan Ariely. I enjoyed his previous book titled “Predictably Irrational.” And I like that the author used lots of experiments to prove and disprove his hypotheses. This is as scientific as you can get on social science. Though majority of the concepts have been covered before by Ariely or other authors, the ones that stood out for me are: 1) Inverse-U shape on compensation, 2) Hedonic adaptation (spread out joyful experience and get painful work done in one chunk), 3) People who are dating should be treated as “experience goods.”

The book is summarized below:

Lessons from procrastination and medical side effects:
The irrational forces help us achieve great things and live well in a social structure. The author’s ability to associate painful injection with enjoyable things (like watching video) allows him to survive through his rehabilitation period after his 3rd-degree-burn accident.

Defy logic a work:
Paying more less: Why big bonuses don’t always work
More bonus doesn’t always yield good results – inverse-U shape. Sometimes it could even yield negative result due to the distraction. Offering smaller, more-frequent bonuses might help.

The meaning of labor: what Legos can teach us about the joy of work.
Animals tend to prefer “earning” their food and spend their time – contrafreeloading. The need to complete goals run deep in human nature. Even a small amount of meaning can take us a long way. “To make a habit of two things – to help, or at least do no harm.”

The Ikea effect: why we overvalue what we make
1. The effort that we put into something changes us and the way we evaluate that object.
2. Great labor leads to greater love.
3. Over over-evaluation of the things we make runs so deep that we assume that others shared our biased perspective.
4. When we cannot complete something into which we have put great effort, we don’t feel so attached to it.

The non-invented here bias: Why “my” ideas are better than “yours”
Upside: use the understanding of ownership and pride that stems from investing time and energy in projects and ideas, you can inspire yourself and others to be more committed to and interested in the task at hand.

The case for revenge: what makes us seek justice?
The tendency to seek revenge does not depend on whether the agent or the principle suffer. At the moment we feel the desire for revenge, we don’t care who we punish. Remedy by apologize sooner and let time heal the wound. Revenge could be sweet by doing better than the people who did wrong to us.

Defy logic at home:
On adaptation: why we get used to things (but not all things and not always)
“We have only a limited amount of attention with which to observe and learn about the world around us – and adaptation is very important novelty filter that helps us focus our limited attention on things that are changing and might therefore pose either opportunities or danger.” On Hedonic adaptation – the process of getting use to place we live, our homes, our romantic partners, and etc. In the long term, we don’t end up as happy as we though we’d be when good things happen to us, and not as sad as we expect when bad things occur. It’s better to interrupt pleasurable experiences (space out purchases) but not break up annoying experiences (stick with it until you’re done, liking doing tax, house chores). Control the environment may influence our ability to adapt.

Hot or not? Adaptation, assortative mating, and the beauty market
Assortative mating is generally a good description of the way people tend to find their romantic partners. Aesthetic-challenged people may choose to lower their aesthetic ideals or change our sense of beauty.
We have the ability to discover and love the characteristics of our partner, thanks to our ability to adapt.

When a market fails: an example from on-line dating
The problem is that people are treated as searchable goods described by attributes, when they should be “experienced goods.”

On empathy and emotion: why we respond to one person who needs help but not to many
Three main reasons: 1. closeness: proximity to the victim, 2. Vividness (vs. vagueness), 3. Drop-in-the bucket effect. To overcome this effect, one approach is to use Jewish “rule,” “whoever sames a life, it is considered as if he saved an entire world.”

The long-term effects of short-term emotions: why we shouldn’t act on our negative feelings.
We humans have a very poor memory of our past emotional states. So we keep on making the same short-term decisions that can change our long term ones (emotional cascade). And irrelevant emotions can create DECISIONS. Self-herding comes from remembering the speicific actions we have taken in the past and mindlessly repeating them. Before committing to any long-term relationship you should first explore your joint behavior in environments that don’t have well-defined social protocols.

Lessons from our irrationalities: Why we need to test everything.
The upside of irrationalities: our ability to find meaning in work, fall in love with our creations and ideas, our willingness to trust others, our ability to adapt to new circumstances, our ability to care about others, and etc. Overcome our mistakes by running experiments, gathering and scrutinizing data, comparing the effect of the experimental and control conditions. “It is a common sense to take a method and try it: if it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something.” – Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Movie Review: “Doubt”

A young nun teacher observed a strange bond developed between a black student and the Father (Philip Semour Hoffman) of the church, coupled with some strange behavior. She told her superior, Sister Aloysius (Meryl Streep), rather casually without much conviction. But Sister Aloysius was convinced that there had been an inappropriate relationship. Without seeking evidences, she convinced the Father to resign and transfer after his putting up a big fight.

It’s amazing to me that a series of coincidences (the child’s alcohol breath, Father’s returning of the child’s underwear, the caring gesture of the Father toward the boy) can be easily construed as circumstantial evidences against the Father. With them, System Aloysius convinced herself of his bad deed and fought him to the nail without seeking more evidences. To me, this is a tragedy biased by the past abuses of power in the church – you’re guilty until proven innocent. In the name of protecting the children, people are more than willing to crucify the good people. Isn’t it how Jesus was crucified? How ironic!

Both Hoffman and Meryl Streep are excellent in this movie. The conversation between Meryl and the mother of the boy was quit uncomfortable to watch; a mother was willing to trade an abusive, unloving father for a pedophile, as the principle accused the Father to be, just because he’s nicer. What a trade off: whichever is less of the evil!

I have learned that it’s important to check and double-check to test your belief before accusing someone of the grave sin/crime. So many people have been hurt because of some people’s imprudence. Like the metaphor in the movie, the feathers letting out of a pillow are very hard to collect and fix.

Movie Review “2012”

The end of the world is near, thanks for the huge solar flare and alignments of the planets within the Solar system which cracked the crust of earth and cause huge tectonic plate shifts and big time tsunami. The movie is about a man’s struggle (John Cusak, a philosopher with a full-time chauffeur job for a Russian billionaire) to save his family and the heads of the countries to save only selective people with wealth and power from the world destruction. Several giant ships like Noah’s ark were built in China (probably due to their cost-effective manufacturing prowess) to maintain human civilization. The only interesting moral topic to consider is the trade offs in selecting the people to bring in the ark. The reality plays out as only the powerful and the wealthy (over $1B) get to enter the salvation – not very Christian-like but it’s reality when God is not consulted in the decision-making process.

This is a no-brainer movie with lots of computer graphics involving volcanic, earthquake, car chases, tsunami, airplane, cruise ship, the big ark ship and etc. No bad for people who are into computer-graphics movies. And I did enjoy it, which kept me awake one hour past my bed time. This is the kind of movie to pick you up when there are things that really bother you at work and at home.

Movie Review: “Edge of Darkness”

An detective father (Mel Gibson) was enjoying his daughter’s company when she was gunned down in front of his own house. What ensues were a grieving father’s pursuit of the killers and the scheme that involved a big-company’s conspiracy. Mel Gibson was his usual super-charged self with a very good reason to be very angry.

There were lots of actions and interesting conversations between Tom and the hired killer, who reminds of me the consultant in the “Pulp Fiction.” The quotes, “everything is illegal in Massachusetts” was cliche but funny and spoke volume of the liberal state. The quote about “officer involved” was ironic when the one that sold Tom out was his own boss.

The action was good and the twists and turns kept me guessing. Very nice. A summary is as follows (Stop here if you plan to watch the movie and haven’t watched yet).

Tom Craven heard only the shout of “Craven” when a shot gun showered the bullets on his only daughter’s body. Prior to that, they were shopping and sitting down for a homemade dinner. Due to the vomiting and nose bleeding, Emma Craven was about to be rushed to hospital when the shooting occurred. Tom couldn’t imagine his little Emma could have elicited such a violent revenge from anyone until he ran into her scared, paranoid boyfriend, who mistook Tom for the surveillance team outside of his apartment and got into a big fight.

Eventually he had some misgivings about Emma’s employer, Northmoor, after seeing the CEO of the company. Through Emma’s close friend, he discovered that Emma was about to whistle-blew on her employer about some conspiracy, which involved creation of nuclear weapon for foreign countries in order to sustain the R & D team of the company. To expose the conspiracy, she engineered a break-in by a third-party organization that resulted in their being murdered. She was also poisoned by hired guns of Northmoor.

The senator was involved in the cover up as well. The shocking thing is that at the end the hired killer/consultant of the senator, touched by Tom’s sincerity and genuine love for his daughter and his country, turned against the senator and killed the senator and all of his cronies and, of course, got himself killed.

Betrayed by his own police boss, Tom was kidnapped to be poisoned by radiation but he escaped and confronted the killers at the company CEO’s home and killed them all. He finally died from his death bed and joined his daughter in the “better” place.

Movie Review “Slumdog Millionaire”

This movie shows how badly the poor people in the third world country live and how much they want to get rich and become a millionaire. Especially, when a boy is willing to jump into a poop hole and had himself covered in poops in order to get an autograph of his idol. Sad but a reality nevertheless. Coupled with the pure, innocent, love story between a boy and his girl and the brotherly love despite constant conflicts, the movie managed to bring out all the human natures and put them in close examination. No wonder it was widely acclaimed. Bollywood is not far behind Hollywood now. Everyone wants to have the American dream – very badly as the movie showed. A brief summary is shown below (stop here if you haven’t watched the movie and don’t want me to ruin the ending for you):

One young man, Jamal Malik, was on his way to winning the biggest prize, 20 millions rupees, of “Who wants to be a millionaire” in India. In the middle of the program he was put in jail for being a fraud as he came from a slum and little educated. No way a person like that, according to the detectives and the host, could reach the next-to-last question in a popular game show in India and US. During the interrogation, he reflected on how he escaped from the slum with his brother when one day his Mom was killed during a religious riot many years ago when he was barely 7 years old. Jamal invited an abandoned, little girl, Latika, to join them despite his elder brother’s objection. The three musketeers were then formed. At some point, they were tricked into joining a gypsy-like group to beg money on the street. In return, they were fed and sheltered. His brother, Salim, turned into a helper of the operation. When Salim saw that some of boys had their eyes poked out after passing a singing contest, in order to solicit more sympathy from the passerby. He tipped his brother into running away from the group. In the escape process, he had to abandon Latika while running away from the bad guys. As they grew up, they managed to survive by selling things in the train and even faked being a tour guide in the Taj Mahal.

Jamal never forgot his first love, Latika. So he convinced his brother to go back to find her, who now became a beautiful teenager learning dancing and was ready to put into prostitution. During the rescue process, Salim shot the bad guy and ran to an abandoned hotel. From here on, Salim got recruited to join a bigger mob and slowly grew up to become to executioner of the mob. At this time, the two brother broke up from each other when Salim decided to have his way with Latika.

Eventually, Jamal found Latika working/serving the big mobster.He devised the plan to run away together but the scheme was broken up by his brother, who took the girl back to the mobster. Jamal decided to join the “Who Wants to be a Millionaire” game show in order to find Latika, since she was into the show, like many other Indians at that time.

At the end, Salim gave in to his brother when he saw him on TV and helped the girl escape the mob and got himself killed, covered in money in the tub – earning his millions in his own ironic way. So the girl joined the 20-millionaire and lived happy after – a classic Indian movie ending and laughably with all the signing and dancing in the train station.

Movie Review “Sling Blade”

A semi-retarded man, Karl, got out of the mental hospital because he killed with a sling blade his mom and his mom’s lover, mistaking the heat of their loving making for causing injury to his mom. He found a job at a local lawn-mower repair shop and befriended a 9-year-old boy, who lived with his Mom and the memory of his Dad who committed suicides years prior. Unfortunately, his lonely Mom got hooked up with this violent boyfriend who bestowed terror on the family and Karl, who now lived in their garage.

As a way to for Karl to get the family out of the grip of the boyfriend’s violent streak, he decided one day after being kicked out of the garage to do something about it. He walked in the family house and chopped in half the head of the boyfriend with a lawnmower blade.

I’m not sure if this final action is called for as there are ways to get rid of the bad boyfriend. In those days before the enactment of the tougher domestic violence laws nowadays, it’s probably hard to find an alternative except getting out of the small town once and for all. Of course, for Karl, in his simplistic mind, that was the only way out of the complicated world. He did manage to confront his drunken father and got some of the issues out in the open, including his father’s killing/burying alive of his baby brother.

Billy Bob Thornton’s acting as Karl was fantastic and very believable – better than Dustin Hoffman in the Rain Man. His way of talking in the movie sounded like Yoda in his own simplistic and innocent way. It’s probably hard to understand without the subtitles. John Ritter also acted as a gay, sincere, and helpful friend to the family. The boy performed quite well in his helpless and yet brave role.

Overall, this was a story of several tragedies but heart warming to see how the participants helped one another to cope with them within their circumstances.